Room heating systems



July 15, 1958 G, KHR' I 2,843,364

i RooM HEATING SYSTEMS Filed nircn 25, 1955 2 sheets-sheet 1 July 1s, 195s `@www ROOM HEATING SYSTEMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 25, 1953 INVENTOR G Kzllzl? A'ITORNEY,

United States Patent O ROOM HEATING SYSTEMS Gustaf Khr, Stockholm, Sweden Application March 25, 1953, Serial N o. 344,565

Claims priority, application Sweden April 10, 1952 3 Claims. (Cl. 257-124) This invention relates to a device for heating rooms entirely or mainly by means of hot Water pipes provided within the floor. It has previously been proposed to encase hot water pipes in the concrete false ceiling which is connected, however, with several inconveniences.` The heat will be conveyed mainly to the `ceiling of the underlying room and is emitted partly as radiant heat and partly `by convection, whereby a layer of hot air will be collected close to the ceiling while the floor remains relatively cold. The temperature of the water cannot be allowed to rise higher than to 30-40 C. or for short periods not higher than about 50 C. without risk for cracking of the concrete and the plaster, and therefore great damages in the con-crete 'construction may be caused by a careless firing. In addition, disfiguring stains are formed in the ceiling along the pipe lines. Furthermore, the concrete construction is weakened by the encasing of the pipes and the costs for the applying of the pipes will be relatively high. Nor will the pipes be accessible for possible attendance when they are encased.

The present invention has for its object to remove these and other inconveniences and consists essentially in that the pipes are located entirely or mainly in a layer of sand or similar granular material arranged between the false Iceiling and the iioor covering. The pipes are preferably provided at Some distance from the false ceiling as well as from the door Covering so as to be entirely embedded in the layer.

An advantage with this arrangement is that the heat emitted by the pipes will be distributed in the layer in such a way that the false ceiling and the iioor covering receive a more equally distributed heat supply. Even if the pipes are lying directly upon the concrete construction the temperature of the water may very well rise to 70 to 90 C. or still higher without any risk for injurious heating of the concrete. The costs for the mounting of the pipes are low, and by loosening the floor covering the pipes will be accessible. The pipes may be of a relatively small diameter, and as a rule 1/2 pipes are sui-cient. Along the external walls the pipes may be placed closer to each other, e. g. in the form of bent serpentine pipes. In cases when separate radiators are required at the windows the pipes in the door may lead up to serpentine pipes arranged beneath the windowsill or in the wall and covered by the plaster or by plates, such as wallboard, having slots or other kinds of perforation. If the floor covering rests with the entire or the greater part of its surface against the layer so that no air space exists between them, the heat is more easily transmitted to the iloor covering. If the floor is made Heating and thus does not rest on beams lying on the false ceiling the pipes may be placed in any suitable manner without any obstacle from such beams. The distance between the pipes as well as the distance between them and the floor covering is suitably determined in such a way that the required temperature of the floor does not exceed 26 to 27 C.

This heating of a wooden iioor in the winter at low y- 2,843,364 Patented July 15, 1958 relative humidity and the absorption of moisture of the floor in the summer with its high relative humidity of the air put the construction of the iloor to a severe test. In order to prevent entirely or as much as possible the shrinking and swelling of the floor it has proved to be very advantageous to use laminated boards comprising at least two layers glued together with the grain directions at an angle to each other. The working of the wood will be further reduced, if the wood material in the layers is sawn in such a way that vertical annular rings are obtained with the grains running parallel with the door.

The invention will be more particularly described below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. l is a plan View of a floor according to one embodiment of the invention with the iloor covering partly removed. Fig. 2 is a cross section on line II-II in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a cross section of a parquet ooring board of bound construction suited for the floor covering. Fig. 4 is a fragment 'of a wall illustrating in elevation, the piping arrangement in a recess beneath a window, and Fig. 5 is a sectionalview taken along the line V-V of Fig. 4, the view looking in the direction of the arrows.

In the drawing 1 indicates a false ceiling of concrete on which a sand layer 2 of about 8 cm. thickness is distributed, and on said sand layer a `board floor rests, which consists of laminated and rabbeted boards 3. Before the floor is built up parallel narrow laths 4 are placed at the same level into the surface of the sand layer, whereafter the sand layer is levelled and scraped off by a straight-edge conveyed over the laths 4. T he boards are thereafter placed on the laths perpendicularly to them and eventually nailed thereon. About midway between the laminated boards and the false yceiling a number of 1/2 serpentine pipes 5 are embedded in the sand and connected to a feed pipe 13 for hot water and a return pipe 14 connected to a heating boiler provided with a circulation pump. In the external wall 6 a window opening 7 is provided, and for achieving an increased heating beneath the window one of the serpentine pipes is drawn up on the wall in horizontal serpentine pipes 3 provided with an air outlet valve 15. At the side of the window and at the external wall additional bent pipes are provided. The conduit 13 for the feed water is placed under the conduit 14 for the return water, so that the pipe conduit in the serpentines obtains a slight rise in the flow direction of the water and air bubbles when formed may easily be drawn oft.

Fig. 3 shows a laminated ficoring board especially suited for use in connection with the invention, said board having an upper wearing layer of parquet bars 9 running in the transverse direction of the board with vertical annular rings and a lower layer 1li glued to said wearing layer and comprising bars running in the longitudinal direction of the board which bars have longitudinal expansion slots 16 for reducing the tendency of the lower layer to shrink and swell. The board is further provided With a groove 11 and a tongue 12. Also these bars are suitably made with vertical annular rings.

In Figs. 4 and 5, there is shown an arrangement whereby the serpentine pipes are located beneath a window. More specifically, a plate 1'7 provided with elongated slots 19 or other perforations is positioned in front of a recess or niche 18 in the wall and the pipes 8 are disposed in the recess. A window sill il is provided above the plate 17 and a hot air outlet 21 is defined between the recess 18 and window 22.

Instead of sand it is possible to use another tine granular material, such as tine `crushed building stone or coke ashes.

Close to the external wall and generally at such places where an increased heat emission is desired the radiator pipes may be provided with longitudinal or helically wound flanges. In bathrooms and wash-rooms the drying stand may be connected to the radiator pipes and thereby be passed by the hot water.

Also many other modifications in the shown performance are possible without departing from the principles of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a room heating system, the combination of a false ceiling of concrete, a layer of sand on said false ceiling, a plurality of hot Water conducting pipes entirely ernbedded in said layer of sand, and a covering wooden floor resting directly on the sand layer, said wooden floor comprising laminated boards with the grain of one board crossing the grain direction of the other board and tongue and groove means joining adjacent boards together.

2. ln a room heating system, the combination of a false ceiling of concrete, a layer of lsand on said false ceiling, a plurality of hot Water conducting pipes entirely embedded in said layer of sand, an external wall extending along one edge of the ceiling, the conducting pipes being so distributed that the heat emission will be concentrated along such external Wall, and a covering Wooden oor resting directly 0n the sand layer, said wooden oor comprising laminated boards with the grain of one board crossing the grain direction of the other board and tongue and groove means joining adjacent boards together.

3. In a room heating system, the combination of a false ceiling of concrete, a layer of sand on said false ceiling, a plurality of hot water conducting pipes entirely embedded in said layer of sand, an external Wall extending along one edge of the ceiling, at least one Window in said wall, said conducting pipes including a section extending vertically and horizontally beneath the Window, a perforated 4plate covering the vertical and horizontally arranged section beneath the window, and a covering Wooden floor comprising laminated boards With the grain of one board crossing the grain direction of the other board, tongue and groove means joining adjacent boards together and said Wooden floor resting directly on the sand layer.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 209,793 Baker Nov. l2, 1878 765,476 Goodwin July 19, 1904 1,910,105 Herring May 23, 1933 2,037,259 Murphy et al Apr. 14, 1936 2,491,498 Kahr Dec. 20, 1949 2,552,837 Blazer May 15, 1951 

